Objective(s): Radiation therapy for breast cancer can induce myocardial capillary injury and increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A prospective cohort was conducted to study the prevalence of myocardial perfusion abnormalities following radiation therapy of left-sided breast cancer patients as compared to those with right–sided cancer.Methods: To minimize potential confounding factors, only those patients with low 10-year risk of coronary artery disease (based on Framingham risk scoring) were included. All patients were initially treated by modified radical mastectomy and then were managed by postoperative 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy (CRT) to the surgical bed with an additional 1-cm margin, delivered by 46-50 Gy (in 2 Gy daily fractions) over a 5-week course. The same dose-adjusted chemotherapy regimen (including anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide and taxol) was given to all patients. Six months after radiation therapy, all patients underwent cardiac SPECT for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion.Results: A total of 71 patients with a mean age of 45.3±7.2 years [35 patients with leftsided breast cancer (exposed) and 36 patients with right-sided cancer (controls)] were enrolled. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) [showing the percentage of the heart exposed to >50% of radiation] was significantly higher in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Visual interpretation detected perfusion abnormalities in 42.9% of cases and 16.7% of controls (P=0.02, Odds ratio=1.46). In semiquantitative segmental analysis, only apical (28.6% versus 8.3%, P=0.03) and anterolateral (17.1% versus 2.8%, P=0.049) walls showed significantly reduced myocardial perfusion in the exposed group. Summed Stress Score (SSS) of>3 was observed in twelve cases (34.3%), while in five of the controls (13.9%),(Odds ratio=1.3). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding left ventricular ejection fraction.Conclusion: The risk of radiation induced myocardial perfusion abnormality in patients treated with CRT on the left hemi thorax is not low. It is reasonable to minimize the volume of the heart being in the field of radiation employing didactic radiation planning techniques. Also it is advisable to screen these patients with MPI-SPECT, even if they are clinically asymptomatic, as early diagnosis and treatment of silent ischemia may change the outcome.

Background: In this study we evaluated the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients who received external beam radiation due to cancer, when radiation portals included thyroid gland.Methods: This prospective study was conducted from April 2004 to December 2005 among patients with head and neck or breast malignancies who referred to Radiation Oncology Department of Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini hospital, treated with external beam radiotherapy. All patients received radiation to the thyroid gland. Thyroid function was tested at the beginning of treatment, 3 months and 6 months after the completion of radiotherapy.Results: In all 34 patients were included in the study. The median age of patients was 53 years. Eighteen patients were female and 16 were male. All patients received external radiotherapy. They received radiation ranging from 5000 cGY (14 patients 41.2%) to 7400 cGY (1 patient 2.9%) with median of 6000 cGY. Physical examination of thyroid at the beginning of treatment was normal and all of the patients were euthyroid. The results from TSH test showed significant difference at baseline, after 3 and 6 months follow-up (P=0.001) Conclusion: The findings indicated that none of the patients developed hypothyroidism in a period of six months after completion of radiotherapy.However, it seems that 6 months fallow-up is early for judgment about evaluation of patients for hypothyroidism state and it needs further follow up for minimum of 12 months.

Ophthalmomyiasis is pathology of eye due to presence of fly larva, which rarely occurs in the world, and most cases has been reported in developing countries. These days incidence of Ophthalmomyiasis has been decreased in Iran. Most cases of Ophthalmomyiasis caused by presence of fly Larvae Oestrus Ovis.In summer 2011, a fourty year old rural woman with a good hygine presented to Ophthalmology department of Rouhani Hospital. She had no background of any disease.After physical examination External Ophthalmomyiasis was diagnosed. all seven larva has been removed, Topical antibiotic and corticosteroid were prescribed for daily use. Two days later in follow up the eye was asymptomatic.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate internal (lung, heart and diaphragm) and external (nine glass marbles) marker motion in correlation with lung tumor motion and determine potential surrogate for respiratory gating radiation therapy (RGRT) depending on tumor localization, upper lobe (UL) versus lower lobe (LL). Material and Methods: We included 58 patients (34 male and 24 female) with small lung cancer (≤,5cm), who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). All patients were scanned and contoured in all ten phases (Varian Eclipse 13. 7) after four-dimensional computed tomography simulation (4D-CT). The motions of internal and external markers were analyzed and correlated with tumor motion. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to evaluate the correlation between internal and external marker motion and tumor motion. Results: The median (range) values of tumor motion were 3. 2 (0. 6-11. 0) and 8. 6 (4. 0-24. 0) mm in the UL and LL, respectively. The median (range) values of organs motion and PCC comparing UL vs. LL were 2. 0 (0. 3-9. 1) vs. 6. 0 (2. 8-13. 9) mm and 0. 46 (0. 30-0. 95) vs. 0. 79 (0. 50-0. 94) for the lung, respectively, 11. 9 (2. 5-16. 3) vs. 12. 5 (5. 0-22. 5) mm and 0. 68 (0. 11-0. 93) vs. 0. 89 (0. 30-0. 99) for the diaphragm, respectively, and 3. 9 (2. 5-6. 3) vs. 7. 6 (4. 5-8. 6) mm and 0. 49 (0. 20-0. 70) vs. 0. 59 (0. 36-0. 83) for the heart, respectively. The external marker motion and correlation coefficient for UL and LL were 2. 5 (0. 9-7. 4) vs. 2. 3 (1. 0-5. 9) mm and 0. 54 (0. 09-0. 96) vs. 0. 73 (0. 27-0. 94), respectively. Conclusion: Lung and diaphragm motion correlate better with tumor motion than the external marker. Diaphragm motion can be an excellent indicator for treatment based on RGRT.

Objective: Localizing of radiation onto tumor volume is important in limits damage due to secondary radiation to surrounding normal tissues. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of external electrical field on the absorbed secondary radiation using water phantom technique.Material and Methods: A water phantom (20x20x10cm3) was positioned in an electric field with different intensity from 11.25 kV/m  to 90 kV, dosimetry was measured at 5 cm of depth for treatment fields with 5x5 cm2 to 20 x20 cm2 and SSD(source – skin- distance) =80 cm with γ radiation with cobalt 60. For estimating the enhancement of absorbed does due to the parameter of DER (Dose enhancement ratio) as the form DER= Reading of dosimeter in the presence of electric/ Reading of dosimeter in the absemco of electric field x100Defined and calculated.Results: Variation of DER with respect to dimension of treatment fields and intensity of electric field showed that applying of electric field on radiation field caused the increment of absorbed dose and DER. With increasing rate between 5% -10% for fields 5×5 cm2 up 2 20× 20 cm2 in 90kv/m intensity of electric field Conclusion: It seems that applying the electric field on water phantom in deferent photon fields prevent from recombination of produced ions in water phantom and caused 5% -10% enhancement in absorbed dose by transmitting more energy in the medium by this ions.

External occupational reports of NRC workers are provided to health physics group by the National Protection Department. These results as preliminary data are registered to a computer program that was designed using FoxBASE and Excel software by the authors. The output data provided by this program include monthly and annual intakes dose as well as external dose of workers in each department. The results show that during 1367 to 1382, the highest value of external intake dose is on an average 1.26mSv for the Radioisotope Department and the lowest value is on an average O.48mSv for the Nuclear Biotechnology Department. Also, we have found that the workers intake the highest dose in 1371, 1372 and 1381; and the lowest value is in 1367.

Patients receiving diagnostic doses of radiopharmaceuticals become a source of contamination and exposure for those who come in contact with them, such as nuclear medicine technologists, relatives and nurses. Therefore, the measurement of external radiation dose from these patients is necessary. In this study, the dose rates at distances of 10, 50 and 100cm from 70 patients who received diagnostic amounts of 201T1-chloride and 99mTc-MIBI was measured. The results showed that the maximum external radiation dose rates for 201T1 and 99mTc were 18.4 and 75.0 µSv.h-1, respectively, at 5 cm distance from the patients. The average radiation dose received by nuclear medicine technologists, considering their close contact during one working day was 12.5±3.4 µSv. The highest received dose was 22.7 µSv, which was well below the acceptable dose limit